How to Install Kubernetes Cluster on Ubuntu 22.04

22-May-2024
opentechdir
How-To Guides
Learn to set up a Kubernetes cluster on Ubuntu 22.04 with this comprehensive guide, covering installation, configuration, and deployment steps.

Kubernetes, often referred to as K8s, is an open-source container orchestration tool that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Installing a Kubernetes cluster on Ubuntu 22.04 allows you to leverage this powerful platform for managing your containerized workloads efficiently. This guide will walk you through the process of installing and configuring a Kubernetes cluster on Ubuntu 22.04, from setting up your environment to deploying your first application.

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Prerequisites
  3. Step 1: Prepare Your Environment
  4. Step 2: Install Docker
  5. Step 3: Install Kubernetes Components
  6. Step 4: Initialize the Kubernetes Control Plane
  7. Step 5: Join Worker Nodes to the Cluster
  8. Step 6: Deploy a Sample Application
  9. Conclusion
  10. References

Introduction

Setting up a Kubernetes cluster on Ubuntu 22.04 involves several steps, including installing necessary packages, configuring the cluster, and deploying applications. This guide provides detailed instructions to help you set up a robust Kubernetes environment on your Ubuntu server.

Prerequisites

Before starting the installation process, ensure you have the following:

  • At least two Ubuntu 22.04 machines (one master and one or more worker nodes).
  • A user account with sudo privileges on all machines.
  • Network connectivity between all machines.
  • A basic understanding of Linux command-line operations.

Step 1: Prepare Your Environment

Update your package list and upgrade existing packages on all nodes:

sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade -y

Disable swap on all nodes to ensure Kubernetes functions correctly:

sudo swapoff -a sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^/#/' /etc/fstab

Enable kernel modules and configure sysctl settings required by Kubernetes:

sudo modprobe overlay sudo modprobe br_netfilter cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 EOF sudo sysctl --system

Step 2: Install Docker

Kubernetes uses Docker as its container runtime by default. Install Docker on all nodes:

sudo apt update sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add - sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" sudo apt update sudo apt install -y docker-ce sudo systemctl enable docker sudo systemctl start docker

Step 3: Install Kubernetes Components

Install kubeadm, kubelet, and kubectl on all nodes:

sudo apt update sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add - sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" sudo apt update sudo apt install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

Step 4: Initialize the Kubernetes Control Plane

On the master node, initialize the Kubernetes control plane:

sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

After the initialization is complete, set up the local kubeconfig for the kubectl command:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Step 5: Join Worker Nodes to the Cluster

On each worker node, join the cluster using the token and hash provided by the kubeadm init command:

sudo kubeadm join <master_node_ip>:6443 --token <token> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash>

Step 6: Deploy a Sample Application

With your cluster up and running, deploy a sample application to test the setup. Use a network plugin like Flannel to set up pod networking:

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

Deploy a simple Nginx application:

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort

Get the NodePort to access the Nginx application:

kubectl get services

Access the application using the node's IP address and the NodePort obtained from the previous command.

Conclusion

Installing a Kubernetes cluster on Ubuntu 22.04 involves several steps, from preparing your environment and installing necessary components to initializing the cluster and deploying applications. By following this guide, you will have a functional Kubernetes cluster ready to manage your containerized workloads efficiently.

Compelling Summary: Learn to set up a Kubernetes cluster on Ubuntu 22.04 with this comprehensive guide, covering installation, configuration, and deployment steps.

References

By following these steps, you will have a robust and scalable Kubernetes environment on Ubuntu 22.04, ready to handle production workloads and streamline your container management processes.

Kubernetes